At least 6 to 8 weeks before departure. Some courses such as rabies (3 doses over 3 to 4 weeks), hepatitis B standard (0, 1, 6 months), and Japanese encephalitis (2 doses 28 days apart) cannot be completed at short notice. Single-dose vaccines like hepatitis A can be given closer to departure and provide protection within 2 weeks.

Most travel vaccines are not NHS-funded for tourism. Some exceptions apply for individuals in specific at-risk clinical groups. Check with your GP whether any vaccines you need are available on the NHS before arranging private appointments.

Wash the wound immediately with soap and water for at least 15 minutes — this is the single most important first aid step. Seek medical attention as soon as possible regardless of vaccination status. Even vaccinated travellers need post-exposure treatment after an animal bite in a rabies-endemic country; vaccination simplifies the treatment needed.

Resort hotels generally carry lower risk than local restaurants and rural areas. However, hepatitis A and typhoid are relevant even in resort environments, particularly if you eat any food outside the main hotel. The appropriate vaccines depend on your specific activities, not just your accommodation type.